A testing effect typically leads to a/an ______ in performance, whereas regression toward the mean typically leads to a/an ______ in performance the second time an assessment is administered.

Jen is 20 years old, pregnant, and eats well, but she is under a lot of stress. Her friend Angelina, who is also pregnant, is 42 years old and has a very poor diet, but is under little stress. What prediction could you make concerning the postbirth health of each of these women's babies?

What will be an ideal response?

Some people are concerned with hidden sexual images in ads for alcohol and cigarettes that may unconsciously influence people to buy these products. This phenomenon is known as

a. absolute threshold c. subliminal stimulation b. difference threshold d. just noticeable stimulation