If one tone predicts food (causing conditioned salivation), and a different tone does not, what happens?

Seven-year-old John has an overly optimistic idea about how good he is at soccer. As be grows older, his self-perception will likely become:

a. more realistic b. even more optimistic, but only if his parents reinforce his positive self-view c. even more optimistic, but only if he actually gets better d. even more optimistic, but only if he plays on a team that includes both boys and girls

Turkheimer and colleagues' study of IQ showed that

a) heritability for IQ is high. b) heritability depends upon the environment. c) achievement is highly heritable regardless of environment. d) linkage analysis is a sound research method.