Ethnocentrism is difficult to combat because of enculturation

According to Copeland, how would a liberal have to explain the outbreak of World War I and World War II despite high levels of trade?

a. High trade causes wars. b. Leaders mistakenly believed that war pays better than trade c. High economic interdependence causes wars. d. Trade levels were not actually as high as we think they were.

Middle-class workers in a European country vote a party into power in exchange for the promise of an improved economy. Average wages go up by two percent, but because of the high profits earned by the upper class, the workers feel they deserve an increase of at least fifteen percent. This causes them to riot and protest. What the workers are experiencing is an example of ______.

a. relative deprivation b. instrumentalism c. diversionary theory d. irredentist claims