After children begin to receive formal arithmetic instruction in first grade, addition problems are solved less frequently by counting fingers while they are solved more frequently by counting mentally

Harry and Annabelle's home was destroyed by an earthquake which left them without food and shelter for several days. This is an example of the "toxic family effect" leading to psychopathology

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biglan and Smolkowski articulated a role for community psychologists in localities that involves consultation, training and evaluation, and what other actions below?

a. monitoring local well-being, and facilitating local planning for change b. articulating what works, from knowledge of research c. identifying community conflicts, and facilitating local planning for change d. both ‘a' and ‘b'