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What is the output of this code, given the function definition that follows:

doSomething( ); doSomething( ); // code in main void doSomething( ) { // function definition cout << “Hi”; cout << “Bye”; }

Which of these remarks about formal parameters is correct?

a. A formal parameter is a kind of place holder that is filled with the argument at the time of call to the function. b. A call-by-value formal parameter is a global variable that is initialized to the value set just before the function is called. c. A call-by-reference formal parameter is modeled on a substitution mechanism. The argument should be an expression, not a variable, since there is never a need to assign such a variable. d. The & (ampersand) character is used to indicate call-by-reference. This is done by placing the & after the type name which is followed by the parameter name in the definition of the parameter in the function header. e. The argument corresponding to a call-by-value parameter cannot be changed by anything that happens in the function call.