When the marginal cost of a price-taking firm is less than the market price of its product, the firm should:
a. expand output (provided that price is not less than average variable cost).
b. reduce output (provided that price is not less than average variable cost).
c. maintain output (provided that price is not less than average variable cost).
d. charge more than the market price.
a
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One group of people uses New York City subways only during rush hour to travel to and from work. Another group uses them only in midday for leisure activity. If New York City wants to increase transit fares with the smallest possible reduction in revenue, for which group should it increase the fare?
a. The rush-hour group because its demand for subway service is more elastic than that of the midday group. b. The rush-hour group because its demand for subway service is less elastic than that of the midday group. c. The midday group because its demand for subway service is more elastic than that of the rush-hour group. d. The midday group because its demand for subway service is less elastic than that of the rush-hour group. e. It doesn't matter because both groups have the same elasticity of demand.
Price discounts to selected buyers with the intent of driving out smaller competitors is:
a. widespread in all industries. b. common in the retailing industry only. c. illegal under the Robinson-Patman Act. d. allowed if the four-firm concentration ratio is less than 50 percent. e. beneficial to consumers in the long run.