Texting while driving reduces reaction time to driving emergencies.

The facial-feedback hypothesis is defined as __________

a) the process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed. b) a state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action, all of which are shaped by cultural rules. c) an irrational aspect of our mammalian heritage that no longer has an adaptive function in human behavior. d) a set of social and cultural rules that regulates when, how, and where a person may express (or must suppress) emotions.

This is an actual participant who has agreed to participate in a research study, but is not aware that deception is being used to conceal the real purpose of the experiment

a) confederate b) actor c) experimental subject d) naïve subject