In any year, nominal GDP divided by the GDP chain price index equals real GDP

How would an increase in the U.S. federal budget deficit affect the exchange rate in the market for dollars?

A) The exchange rate will increase. B) The exchange rate will not be affected by a change in the federal budget deficit. C) The exchange rate will decrease. D) The impact of the increase in the federal budget deficit on the exchange rate cannot be predicted.

True, false, or uncertain? Any firm that is not covering fixed costs should shut down in the short run

Indicate whether the statement is true or false