The selection effect makes it easier to compare judge verdicts and jury verdicts in different cases because features of the cases themselves, rather than the decision makers, could explain any discrepancies.

Brief psychotic disorder is often associated with:

a. substance abuse b. gradual deterioration of self-esteem c. rapid mood cycling d. significant psychosocial stressors

Social cognitive theorists believe that

a. personality is determined by the consequences of behavior and the individual's beliefs about those consequences. b. behaviors acquired through observational learning are not enduring because direct reinforcement is never experienced. c. innate personality traits have a stronger influence on behavior than the environment does. d. self-discovery is the most important learning experience. e. punishment is a more powerful shaper of thought than is reinforcement.