Having which of the following traits is universally considered to facilitate leadership effectiveness?

"Direct recognition" occurs when the insurance company

A) reduces dividend payments because of an unexpected increase in costs. B) increases premiums in recognition of the insureds advancing age. C) reduces the rate earned on a portion of the cash value, because the insured has taken out a policy loan. D) revises its actuarial factors to reflect the changing risk environment.

________ is/are barriers to changes in organizations and leaders

a. Lack of teams in upper management b. Open structures and ill-defined goals c. Global cultural changes d. The focus on team rewards