Which of the following terms do scholars use to refer to the environmental settings in which development takes place?

You are a family therapist in a first interview with a couple. You note a style of communication that has been seen in couples who are basically unhappily married. This indicator is their

a. expression of anger to each other. b. tendency to blame their conflict on each other's personality. c. tendency to blame their conflict on circumstances. d. desire to resolve conflicts in their own favor.

According to the principle of prepared learning, humans

a. are genetically predisposed to know certain things. b. inherit a capacity to learn certain things that are beneficial to the survival of the species. c. ready to learn to read by the age of six. d. are unable to learn the same things that rats learn.