As a task becomes more complex, the optimal level of arousal to perform the task best

A student interested in the effects of crying on health asks a psychologist for her perspective. What is she likely to say about crying?

a) Research indicates that crying is associated with elevated levels of health. b) The production of tears seems to have a cleansing effect and increases immune system functioning. c) Although crying might not make you healthier, holding back emotions can increase sympathetic arousal. d) Crying is an outdated emotional response that is soon to drop from humankind's repertoire of responses in our modern era.

According to James, the atoms of experience (pure sensations without associations) ______

a. were genetically predetermined b. were the basis of all human behavior c. were best understood through experimental research d. did not exist