In Bandura's study on the clinical treatment of snake phobics, it was shown that:

a. there was no reduction of fear in the phobics following their observations of models who were successful in their handling of the snakes
b. phobics who were able to successfully handle the snakes had higher physiological arousal
c. phobics who were able to successfully handle the snakes had higher efficacy expectations and higher physiological arousal
d. phobics who were able to successfully handle the snakes had higher efficacy expectations and reductions in their heart rates and blood pressure

d