Ads that typically attack a candidate but allow the sponsor to avoid disclosure and contribution limitations because the ads do not use electioneering language such as "vote for" or "vote against" are classified as __________

Which of the following is true of labor unions?

a. Labor unions rarely lobby Congress on foreign policy issues. b. Labor lobbies work to protect American workers from importation of cheaper goods and the export (or outsourcing) of jobs. c. Labor unions and business interest groups are often in agreement. d. The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations is an example of a labor union. e. Both options B and D are true.

Which of the following refers to the president’s ability to manipulate and gauge public opinion?

a. A president who “goes public” b. An institutional president c. A public relations presidency d. An imperial president