The paradox of self-handicapping is that we might be successful in appearing more competent to others, but we probably make it less likely that we can actually perform in a competent manner

Before enrolling in an abnormal psychology course,

Gary's idea of psychological disorders had been influenced primarily by talk shows. He expected to hear the same kinds of stories he had heard on talk shows. What an eye-opening experience the course turned out to be! How would a cognitive psychologist describe the influence the course had on Gary's idea of psychological disorders? a) Gary learned the value of algorithms. b) Gary now uses heuristics. c) The course increased Gary's ability to use visual imagery. d) The course altered Gary's concept of psychological disorders.

What must happen after a study in which the participants were misled about the nature of the research?

a. Subjects must be assigned to experimental groups. b. A debriefing must take place. c. A placebo must be used. d. An assessment of risk/gain must be made. e. The confounds must be discussed with the participants.