What of the following should explain any possible risks associated with research?

An emphasis on masturbation as a cause of mental disorder, or the deliberate injection of mentally ill patients with malaria, can be viewed as examples of

a. excessive emphasis on biological explanations. b. a willingness to accept ideas that are not backed by scientific proof. c. how little psychiatry has changed in the past 100 years. d. the contempt with which most medical professionals viewed their patients.

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

A) respond more fearfully to predictable than to unpredictable events. B) fail to pay attention to threatening cues. C) overestimate their chances of being harmed. D) show little physiological arousal to stress.