Which of the following is a snippet of code designed to automate tasks and often used by attackers to carry out denial-of-service attacks?

How many times will the following code print "Welcome to Java"?

int count = 0; while (count++ < 10) { System.out.println("Welcome to Java"); } a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11 e. 0

Discuss whether the following operations are idempotent:

i) Pressing a lift (elevator) request button; ii) Writing data to a file; iii) Appending data to a file. Is it a necessary condition for idempotence that the operation should not be associated with any state?