A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceed-ing 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
a. cystitis.
b. chronic pyelonephritis.
c. acute glomerulonephritis.
d. renal calculi.
ANS: C
Two major symptoms distinctive of more severe glomerulonephritis are: (i) hematuria with red blood cell casts and (ii) proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day with albumin (macroalbuminu-ria) as the major protein. Cystitis is not associated with proteinuria and so is not relevant to the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. Chronic pyelonephritis is manifested by dysuria, not proteinuria. Proteinuria is not seen with renal calculi.
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