Name and describe two of the institutional problems that Congress faces when participating in the foreign policy process.

What will be an ideal response?

Answers should discuss the influence of political parties in Congress and the White House, which can create gridlock when party politics are at their height in government, and the size of Congress as well as the collective action problems faced by large groups. Voting majorities and procedural rules in Congress might also be discussed. Answers might mention the difficulty of enforcing amendments and resolutions to limit presidential power, including the Supreme Court’s tendency to rule with the president, and it might also highlight electoral concerns as an important reason why congressional representatives spend less time on foreign policy issues. Finally, answers might discuss the various presidential powers in this arena, such as war powers and the deference that Congress usually gives to presidents on matters of national security.