Which of the following most accurately describes the paradox of memory in management?

A) If managers believe employees to be capable of self-motivation and allow self-management, they risk losing productivity, while if they manage every aspect of the work, they risk employee disengagement.
B) If employees internalize the organization's goals, they will work towards them, but may also lose the motivation and flexibility to be creative in achieving those goals.
C) If the organization's goals are too broad, both managers and employees will have difficulty in focusing their efforts, while if the goals are too narrowly defined, employees could disregard alternative ways of achieving them.
D) If past organizational experiences are believed to be valid for today, present market signals may be ignored. However, if the organizational past is doubted frequently, the organization will lack stability.
E) If managers apply scientific principles to management, they will improve efficiency, but will not be in accord with the principles of Christian management.

D