Which stage of sleep has been called "paradoxical sleep"?

In operant conditioning, when a response is first acquired, learning is usually most rapid if the response is reinforced ________

a. once every few responses on an intermittent schedule. b. on a continuous reinforcement schedule. c. once every few minutes on an intermittent schedule. d. randomly on an intermittent schedule.

A study of the criminal records of nearly 29,000 Danish men examined repeat arrests through age 26. After any given arrest, punishment reduced rates of subsequent arrests for both minor and serious crimes, though recidivism still remained fairly high

What type of punishment was most effective at reducing recidivism? a. Severe b. Mild c. Consistent d. Intermittent