If the value of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.90, the value of the spending multiplier is:

Which of the following people would be considered unemployed?

A) Sam, a part-time worker who wishes to work full time B) Pat, who gave up looking for a job because he was discouraged about his job prospects C) Victoria, who does not have a job and has been actively searching for work, but turned down a job paying less than she desired D) Shirley, who is working but expects to be laid off at the end of the month E) Bobby, a full-time student in his last term before he graduates and who has not yet started to look for a job

In the short run, when production goes up what typically happens to total variable costs?

What will be an ideal response?