If a researcher were to observe women exercising and then men exercising and compare these groups, why would this not be considered an experiment?
a. The experimenter is not manipulating anything.
b. The study is biased.
c. There is no prior evidence that gender is related to one's preferred type of exercise.
d. An experiment must involve at least three different conditions.
Answer: A
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Cooper and colleagues have argued that people who develop patterns of heavy drug use
a. do so because of parental example, which is the primary predictor. b. believe in the positive effects of using drugs. c. have dopamine-deficient brains. d. do so in order to avoid perceived negative aspects of their lives. e. do so in order to moderate positive and negative emotions.
Sometimes when listening to others, we screen the message for certain topics or issues to which we either respond or ignore. This is known as ________
a. emotional noise b. defensive listening c. stage-hogging d. selective listening