Which of the following is an example of a policy whose costs are widely distributed but whose benefits are concentrated?

A city council passes an ordinance (local law) prohibiting employment discrimination against gay men and lesbians. Would this ordinance be constitutional?

a. Yes, because states and localities may grant their residents greater rights protection than provided in the national constitution. b. No, because the Constitution says nothing about gay and lesbian rights. c. No, because the Supreme Court has not interpreted the Constitution to grant protection against employment discrimination to gay men and lesbians. d. No, because the Supreme Court would interpret this ordinance to be discriminatory against employers. e. No, because the Supreme Court is not permitted to rule on this area of law.

Several studies have found that people with higher education have higher political tolerance and people with lower education have lower political tolerance. However, it has been suggested that education does not directly affect political tolerance. Rather, greater education leads to greater exposure to social diversity and this in turn leads to higher political tolerance. Thus, when greater

education does not lead to greater exposure to social diversity, it does not lead to higher political tolerance. In this situation, what kind of variable is exposure to social diversity? A. A dependent variable B. An independent variable C. An antecedent variable D. An intervening variable