If real GDP is greater than nominal GDP for a particular year, then

In reality, AD rarely ________; however, the economy performs as though it does when it ________

A) decreases; fluctuates with potential GDP B) increases; decreases at a pace much slower than potential GDP C) stagnates; increases at a pace much faster than potential GDP D) decreases; increases at a pace much slower than potential GDP E) decreases; increases at a pace much faster than potential GDP

Which of the following statements is true?

a. The Phillips curve has always been stable. b. If the Phillips curve shifts outward to the right this illustrates a greater tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. c. Keynesian economics assumes a vertical Phillips curve. d. According to the natural rate hypothesis the Phillips curve is downward sloping. e. All of these.