A rat presses a bar when a light is on but not when it is off because in the past a
bar press has been reinforced when the light was on but not when it was off. The light is
a/an
(a) reinforcer
(b) positive reinforcer (c) negative reinforcer
(d) partial reinforcer (e) discriminative stimulus
E
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Poonam is playing a game with her brother and is infuriated when he breaks the rules. "I'm telling the police you broke the rules!" she yells. According to Piaget's theory, Poonam's reaction indicates:
A) the morality of cooperation. B) the morality of constraint. C) conventional moral reasoning. D) preconventional moral reasoning.
A recent study suggests that stress associated with interpersonal problems contributes to depression in young people, but only among those who________
a. have trouble asserting themselves b. have a family history of depression c. were children of divorce d. tend to think negatively