Doing paid work that is not intellectually challenging appears to decrease individuals' cognitive functioning

In operant conditioning an organism learns to respond because

a. involuntary behaviors are elicited. b. of the consequences of the behavior. c. genetic predispositions invoke the behavior. d. a psychological mechanism, known as the operant, forces the organism to perform the behavior.

Because you set your alarm every night, you always get to work on time and are never reprimanded for being late. This behavior is strengthened by a

a. positive primary reinforcer. c. positive reinforcer. b. primary reinforcer. d. negative reinforcer.