Billy acted out in class and made poor grades. After a vision screening at the school, Billy's teacher moved him to the front of the class. Billy's academic and social behaviors improved. Billy probably has which vision problem?

Which of the following findings about PTSD are compatible with the diathesis-stress model

a. the likelihood of PTSD is proportional to trauma severity b. people with pre-existing disorders are more likely to develop PTSD than people without c. previous sexual abuse increases the likelihood of PTSD in response to rape d. some of the above e. all of the above

Which of the following is NOT considered an environmental cause of delinquency?

A) Substandard schools B) Poverty C) Exposure to violent media D) Peer-group involvement