One consequence of using LSD is the possibility of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) occurring long after a person has used the drug.

Sid is taking part in research on the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right now researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a button each time he sees the letter "S" on the screen

A few days ago, Sid was a whiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How would sleep researchers explain Sid's poor performance? a) Due to the sleep deprivation, Sid does not understand the task. b) Microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation and he is asleep for brief periods of time. c) He is determined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the hands of the researchers. d) He is probably dreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the "here and now."

In decision making, we tend to give less weight to a choice if it seems representative of what we already know

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