Present the four different models that exist for teaching English-language learners. What does

the research indicate concerning the effectiveness of the four models?

What will be an ideal response?

1. Bilingual education - instruction is given in two languages. In the United States, second language is
most frequently Spanish.
2. Structured immersion – instruction is in English. Translation is provided when needed. In these
classes, all the English-language learners speak the same non-native language.
3. English-as-a-second-language program - children receive instruction in regular classroom in
English for part of the day. Children receive English language instruction in special classes for the
remaining part of the day.
4. Submersion – instruction is entirely in English; There is total integration; no special language
instruction services are provided. Research indicates that bilingual education, structured immersion
and English-as-a-second-language canall be equally effective. The effectiveness may depend on the
willingness of individuals in the home to learn English. All three of these programs result in higher
achievement than submersion. Culture may be a factor. Asian and European non-native speaking
children eventually perform at rates similar tochildren from these cultures who are native English
speakers. Spanish-speaking children demonstrate the same success rate as native-English speaking
children of Hispanic culture.