Internal validity is best defined as
a) The extent to which rival hypotheses can explain the findings of an experiment
b) The extent to which an experiment rules out alternative explanations of the findings
c) The extent to which the data demonstrates a relationship
d) The extent to which the findings can be applied to similar groups of people
Answer: b
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Hezron has experienced basic emotions, such as happiness and anger, but he is unlikely to feel more complex emotions such as guilt, embarrassment, or pride until he
a. has some understanding of the self. b. experiences a physiological reaction linked to his emotions. c. displays overt behaviors associated with his subjective feelings. d. goes through systematic desensitization.
During and after conditioning, the bell served as which of the following in Ivan Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?
a. conditioned response b. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus d. unconditioned response