What was John Gaus’s response to Woodrow Wilson’s ideas about ensuring bureaucratic accountability? What solution did Gaus offer?

What will be an ideal response?

John Gaus thought that Woodrow Wilson’s reliance on the rule of law to keep administrators in line (in essence elected officials make laws and administrators carry them out) was an insufficient accountability measure as laws are not always clear and, further, not always translatable into clear and predictable policy that can be carried out. Gaus’s solution was to rely on the administrators’ professional norms. This led to a famous debate in 1940 between Carl Friedrich (who was aligned with Gaus) and Herman Finer about whether it was possible to rely on these professional norms or if external controls were necessary to keep administrators accountable.