Positive pressure ventilation increases splanchnic resistance, decreases splanchnic venous out-flow, and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia, which can contribute to which of the fol-lowing?
a. Liver metastases
b. Gastric mucosal ischemia
c. Gastric ulcers
d. Increased portal blood flow
ANS: C
PPV increases splanchnic resistance, decreases splanchnic venous outflow, and may contribute to gastric mucosal ischemia, which can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastric ul-cers. Both of these conditions are complications frequently seen in critically ill patients.
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