The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others is known as
a. distinctiveness.
b. fundamental attribution error.
c. selective perception.
d. self-serving bias.
e. halo effect.
Ans: b. fundamental attribution error.
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Tim has been worried about his grades for more than three months. After hearing about the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, he becomes convinced that he has the disorder himself. After seeing a mental health professional, what is he told?
a. He is actually suffering from the early stages of panic disorder. b. His concern over grades is more indicative of obsessive-compulsive disorder. c. He does not meet the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in terms of length of time and number of worries. d. The focus of his worry suggests that he is suffering from a phobic reaction rather than a generalized anxiety disorder.
Which of the following statements about the relationship between SES and health is true?
A) SES does not account for the sizable health advantage of white over ethnic minority adults in the United States. B) SES variations in health and mortality are smaller in the United States than in other industrialized nations. C) Improving socioeconomic conditions is essential for closing ethnic gaps in health. D) The health of low-income individuals steadily improves throughout the lifespan.