The Flynn effect, which is the raising of the median IQ score in Western countries in the course of the 20th century, is explained by ____

Diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging

are inevitable, regardless of lifestyle. may be slightly modified by lifestyle. may have delayed onset due to lifestyle. may be strongly affected by lifestyle.

Reflex responses, which are central to classical conditioning, are

a. learned responses to specific stimuli. b. naturally elicited, unlearned responses. c. conditioned behaviors. d. naturally occurring associations between stimuli.