In higher-order conditioning, a well-learned CS serves as which type of stimulus in a new pairing situation?

The Study Abroad Alien Marvin, who lives in San Francisco, has been asked to host a teenage alien, Regor, as part of an intergalactic exchange program. Marvin is sure that Regor would love to experience the adventure of sailing, but decides he should introduce the concept of a "sailboat" first. Marvin tries to describe the common features of a sailboat. He explains that they are pointed at the front and square at the back, have a tall mast to hold up the sail, and have one or two triangular sails. Which of the following demonstrates a problem with this approach?

a. Some sailboats have more than one mast and more than two sails. b. This description does not describe a specific sailboat. c. This description does not provide an average of all relevant features. d. Some sailboats are longer than others.

Memories that can be verbalized, whether they are about your own experiences or your knowledge about the world, are called _____

a. nondeclarative memories b. procedural memories c. conditioned memories d. declarative memories