When you reached toward the dog, he nipped at your hand. You quickly pulled your hand back. As a result, he now nips at your hand whenever you reach toward him. The consequence for the dog's behavior of nipping consisted of the ______ of a stimulus, and his behavior of nipping subsequently _______ in frequency; therefore, this is an example of _____ reinforcement.

The tens of millions of Americans who live in neglected neighborhoods and who are of low socioeconomic status

tend to contract some of the same diseases as healthier Americans but at a younger age. tend to live as much as 30 years less than the 10 million healthiest Americans. are spared certain "diseases of affluence." experience higher vitality and higher mortality.

You are driving down an unfamiliar road when it suddenly ends with two side roads from which to choose. Without a road sign, you choose the road that is only slightly angled rather than the road which makes a ninety degree angle with your original road. Your tendency to see the road chosen as part of the original road illustrates which perceptual principle?

a. similarity b. continuation c. nearness d. figure-ground