Data for continuous variables are presented in pie charts.

In a study that is described in the textbook based on a group of 9- to 11-year-old girls, researchers explored the conditions under which young girls are most likely to use defense mechanisms. The researchers found that

a. the unpopular girls used more defense mechanisms than the popular girls after an episode of peer rejection. b. the unpopular girls did not use defense mechanisms after an episode of peer rejection. c. the popular girls used more defense mechanisms than the unpopular girls, regardless of peer rejection. d. only one defense mechanism was used by almost all the participants in the study.

Recent research on emotions during adolescence suggests that

a. there is no increase in negative emotions until adulthood. b. adolescents do experience more negative emotions than children of other ages. c. contrary to popular belief, adolescents experience negative emotions less than children of other ages. d. contrary to popular belief, adolescents experience negative emotions in amounts similar to children of other ages.