Briefly explain some criticism of Erikson's eight-stage theory of development
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Erikson used male identity development as the standard against which he compared female identity. Erikson's views are based on male-oriented concepts of individuality and competitiveness.
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The introduction to the chapter on language comprehension includes a section about the English-centered focus of psycholinguistics. Which of the following students provides the best summary of this section?
a. Diarmiud: "Because English is the standard language used in international relations, researchers need to focus on this language." b. Fiona: "Researchers are most likely to study the English language. However, without knowing how people function in other languages, we cannot claim that any language characteristic is universal." c. Judy: "The initial research in psycholinguistics was primarily focused on English; in the 21st century, however, researchers are systematically investigating a wide variety of other languages." d. Steve: "It was fortunate that psycholinguistics researchers initially focused on English, because this language turns out to be a prototypical language in terms of both syntax and semantics."
Positive reinterpretation
a. can only work when the stress is humorous. b. is connected with better psychological and physical health even when the stress is a natural disaster or major illness. c. is primarily effective in hindsight. d. only works for people who have not experienced the worst outcome possible.