To study the effect of different types of stimulus on memory recall, a researcher subjects participants, divided into 2 equal groups, to either an auditory or a visual presentation of a concert. After the presentation, the participants are asked to answer several questions about what they experienced. Which type of experimental design has the researcher employed?

Masha has been asked to participate in a research study where she is presented with words on a screen

The words include the names of colors, such as "BLACK," "WHITE", and "GREEN." The words are printed in different colors, however. For example, the word "BLACK" appears in blue type, and the word "GREEN" appears in yellow type. What task is Masha performing? A) The Stroop task B) The Luscher test C) The Rorschach test D) The Beck inventory

The operant process of __________ occurs when the final step in a sequence is reinforced first, becoming a conditioned reinforcer for the preceding response

a. partial punishment b. chaining c. shaping d. successive reinforcing