To which of the following does Article III give the power to create inferior federal courts?

Which of the following is not an argument made by the authors for why interest groups benefit our political system?

A) Interest groups represent people before government. B) Interest groups always form when the corresponding need for them develops. C) Interest groups are vehicles for political participation. D) Interest groups educate their members, the public at large, and government officials. E) Interest groups bring new issues into the political limelight.

Based on the principle of "invidious discrimination," in order for the Supreme Court to declare discriminatory practices unconstitutional, the Court must decide that the practices

A. have no rational basis. B. are deliberately discriminatory. C. privilege one group over another. D. lack the support of the community. E. reinforce existing racial, ethnic, or sexual hierarchies.