What do the following mean?

Overloading
Nested Loop
Debug
Rotate
Scale
Parameter
void
return

means to have more than one method with the same name. Each method must have a different parameter list (number and/or types of parameters).
means to have one loop inside of another. Nested loops are often used to process 2-dimensional arrays. One loop will move the index for the row and one loop will move the index for the column.
to fix errors in your program (remove the bugs).
to change the orientation of an image.
to make a value bigger or smaller.
a value that is passed to a method for use in the method.
a Java keyword that means that nothing is returned from a method.
a Java keyword that returns from a method call and is usually followed by the value to return.