International peace conferences held at The Hague in 1899 and 1907 were organized in reaction to __________
a. the spread of liberal and nationalist ideology over the previous few decades
b. technological advances that made war more destructive, as well as movements for peace and democracy
c. the spread of democratic governance on the European continent
d. perceived issues involving a lack of moderation in the European balance-of-power system
Answer: B
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