Erikson hypothesized two stages that cover the preschool period. Present these two stages by
defining each, suggesting a major developmental task for each, and stating the ages when the
stage occurs.
What will be an ideal response?
1. Autonomy versus shame and doubt – independence, conflict between wishes of child and those of
parents; toilet training; other self care skills; mobility; ages 1 – 3.
2. Initiative versus guilt – planning to obtain goals; development of self-control; some conscience
development; cooperative, aggressiveness and some guilt; ages 3 – 6.
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The role of the photoreceptors in the eye is to convert the physical stimulus of light into a nerve impulse that can be relayed to the brain. This process is known as _________________
FIll in the blank with correct word.
Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggest that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the ____
a. emotion areas of the brain sing b. hypothalamus c. spinal cord d. somatosensory areas of the cortex