Your neighbors emphasize obedience through guidelines and punishment. For example, when their 12-year-old was 10 minutes late returning from a basketball game, they grounded the youngster for two weeks. Which style of parenting has been described?

Fifty years ago, medical research with human subjects

a) was generally more ethical than mental health research. b) was monitored by review boards in the institutions where the research was being conducted. c) was used as a way of punishing mentally ill prisoners. d) frequently led to serious, harmful consequences to participants.

If you want someone to be willing to take a risk, you can make it more likely by:

a) telling them what they stand to gain if they don't take the risk. b) telling them what they stand to lose if they don't take the risk. c) pitting the risk against a sure gain. d) doing nothing special; risk-taking is people's "default mode."