Survey results can be misleading because of volunteer bias

Psychologists have postulated that the construct of emotional intelligence is real and can help us understand behavior. One reason for being cautious for accepting its existence is that

a. psychology already has many concepts related to intelligence, so we do not need a new construct. b. attempts to create a test to measure emotional intelligence reliably have not been successful. c. emotional intelligence is very different from other types of intelligence, so psychologists do not believe it really exists. d. the validity of the construct has been demonstrated but its reliability is low.

Your text describes several studies about personal ads. The results of these studies indicate that

a. men were more likely than women to specify their ideal partner's financial status. b. women and men were equally likely to emphasize physical attractiveness in a partner. c. women and men were equally likely to specify that an ideal partner should be romantic and sensitive. d. women were more likely than men to describe their own financial status.