Identify and describe the series of stages of moral development according to Kohlberg
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Kohlberg suggests that moral development emerges in a three-level sequence.
- The lowest level is preconventional morality. At this level, the concrete interests of the individual are considered in terms of rewards and punishments.
- In the next level, conventional morality, people approach moral problems as members of society. They are interested in pleasing others by acting as good members of society.
- Finally, individuals using postconventional morality invoke universal principles, which are seen as broader than those of any particular society.
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When a student does well on a test, she immediately takes the credit, saying that she did well because she studied hard or because she is a "brain."
When she does poorly, however, she blames the teacher for making up an "impossible" test or her roommates for interrupting her study. This student is demonstrating a. the fundamental attribution error. b. the Pygmalion effect. c. prejudice. d. the self-serving bias.