In a ____, the researcher is able to manipulate an independent variable but NOT able to use random assignment

Any stimulus that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated is called a ______

a. cue c. reinforcer b. situational artifact d. higher-order conditioner

If a mother, standing at the "deep" end of the visual cliff, displays a fearful facial expression for her 12–month-old infant at the "shallow" end of the apparatus, her child most likely will

a. crawl across to see what is scaring her b. stay on the shallow end c. turn around and crawl backwards across the apparatus d. stand up and walk across the cliff in order to reach her more quickly