What is the opposite of approach/positive emotionality/sociability?

Which prenatal period is considered a critical period when teratogens are most likely to have severe and enduring effects? Why?

What will be an ideal response?

Male aggression is likely high in a culture:

a. in which resources are abundant and there are no serious hazards. b. primarily based on agriculture. c. in which competition for limited resources is fierce and survival is difficult. d. with a history of slavery.