Which of the following is NOT an argument put forth by the textbook’s authors?

a. The higher the level of education, the more tolerance people tend to demonstrate on surveys.
b. Education is related to knowing the right answers rather than actually being more tolerant.
c. There are cases in history in which the educated elites were the leaders of intolerant behavior.
d. In many ways, less educated people are more tolerant than educated people.
e. Some observers argue that elites are the protectors of our democratic values.

d. In many ways, less educated people are more tolerant than educated people.